A New York wrongful death claim, brought under EPTL §5-4.1, is a civil action commenced by the personal representative of a decedent’s estate to recover the pecuniary losses suffered by the decedent’s distributees as a result of a death caused by another’s wrongful conduct. Distributees are the surviving spouse and children — or, if none, parents, then siblings — in the priority set by EPTL §4-1.1. Family members cannot sue in their individual capacity; only the appointed personal representative may sue.
The statute of limitations is 2 years from the date of death — shorter than the general 3-year personal injury statute. A companion survival action under EPTL §11-3.2 runs 3 years for the decedent’s pre-death pain and suffering. Claims against any municipal entity (NYC, MTA, NY State, NYCHA, public hospital, school district) require a Notice of Claim within 90 days under GML §50-e. Recoverable damages under EPTL §5-4.3 are limited to “pecuniary injuries” — lost financial support, lost services, lost parental guidance, medical and funeral expenses — plus the decedent’s pre-death pain and suffering in the survival action. Everclad Law Group represents wrongful-death distributees across Nassau County, Long Island, and NYC on contingency, with no upfront cost.